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WHAT social sustainability?

In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development (UN WCDE) published the "Brundtland Report - Our Common Future" in declaring that the world faces a global challenge that can only be won by creating a new model production, defined sustainable. Sustainable development, therefore, is that " meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development, far from being a final state of harmony, it is rather the process of change such that the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional changes be made consistent with future needs as well as with the current ^[1] . "

The report thus sheds light mainly on an ethical principle, namely the responsibilities of present generations towards future generations, focusing on the needs of economic, environmental and social issues. The wealth created must be useful to all economic actors, the environment must be preserved and safeguarded, and the company must be respectful of the rights and guarantees of justice.

A central theme that touches the ratio is precisely the centrality of human rights, equity social and the participation of humanity in dealing with changes in the world, " the satisfaction of basic needs (basic needs ) requires not only a new era of economic growth for countries where the majority of people are poor but also the guarantee that these poor people have their fair share of resources needed to sustain this growth. Such equity should be supported by both political systems that ensure the effective participation of citizens in decision-making, both by greater democracy at the level of international choices ".

joint action to a development which is not only driven by economic principles but also ethical, providing for the establishment of a more fair and open dialogue between institutions, and private citizens with the aim of starting a real commitment towards a model of sustainable production and better at the same time, the warning el 'hope spread that the United Nations at the beginning of the development of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility.

The revolution of this approach is to clear the undisputed principle that the sole purpose is to use firm resources to create wealth and profit. Is established now a new concept of value creation: the company can no longer be concerned only for itself and its shareholders, but must also learn to create value for society and the environment. It is no longer conceivable to think of development without limits or compromise.

why the performance of an enterprise will not be based solely on the bottom line as profit or loss in the financial statements (from Bottom Line), or its net profit, but it will be resulting from the evaluation of three axes (Triple Bottom Line), now understood inseparable: Economic, Social and Environmental. The objective of the company will no longer be the maximization of profit maximization but value.

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[1] Source: Site ISPRA www.apat.gov.it/site/_files/.../1987_rapporto_brundtland.pdf

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THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BEFORE THE LIABILITY

the late '80s was released in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment Development (WCED ) a document - Our Common Future (1987), also known as the Brundtland report - where for the first time, we introduce the concept of sustainable development and is established as the sole issue of economic growth and environmental protection.
From this report and subsequent conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, were produced a multitude of pronouncements in favor of sustainable development, the definition according to the World Commission on Environment Development is "development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
then discussed the issues have expanded and have touched the mode of trade and development, with the aim of transforming growth patterns into something more compatible with the environment and the values \u200b\u200bof human rights.
In an effort of synthesis, can be summarized as the various historical moments that have marked the path toward a global perspective of social responsibility:

• 1992 conference of the 'UN in Rio de Janeiro on Environment and Development [1]
• 1997: Rio + 5 Conference, New York and the Kyoto Protocol [2]
• 1999: Birth of the Global Compact [ 3] (Global Compact) with a presentation at the World Economic Forum in Davos [4]
• 2000: Earth Charter [5] , the UN Millennium Development Goals (Millennium Development Goals) [6] , Lisbon European Council [7] , OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises [8]
• 2001: European Commission Green Paper "Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility" [9]
• 2002: Johannesburg conference [10]

The debate on CSR has also seen a major contribution by Europe, which is proposed as an active advocate and voice of reference. In March 2000 the Lisbon European Council aims for the European economy to becoming "the most competitive knowledge economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth accompanied by more and better jobs and by greater social cohesion ".

The following are the main stages of the debate in Europe on CSR:

1993: Delors White Paper - Growth Competitiveness and employment [11]

2000: Lisbon European Council

2001: Green Paper - Green Paper: Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility [12] .

2002: White Paper - White Paper: Corporate Social Responsibility: A business contribution to sustainable development. ^[13]

2004: European Forum Multistakeholder [14]

2006: Green Paper 2006 "New Communication on CSR - the Partnership for Growth and Jobs: Making Europe a pole of 'Excellence in the field of corporate social responsibility [15] .

2007: European Parliament Resolution - Ratio Howitt [16]

2009: Contributing to Sustainable Development: the role of fair trade and non-governmental commercial sustainability assurance. ^[17]

The debate grows over the years, the growing number of studies, definitions and attention on the issue. In any case you must wait until the end of the '90s to see the birth of a voluntary form of liability, discretionary, ie the willingness of enterprises to adopt and integrate a management based on ethics, sustainability and social commitment. In other words, the Corporate Social Responsibility.

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[1] www.minambiente.it / OpenCMS / export / sites / default / archives / attachments / educazione_ambientale / rio_1992.pdf

[2] http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/i8/0.814.011.it.pdf

[3] http://www.globalcompactnetwork.org/files/PubblicazioniDocumenti/PubblicazioniGlobalCompact/unglobalcompactcorporatecitizenshipintheworldeconomy.pdf

[4] www.weforum.org/en/index.htm

[5] www.cartadellaterra.org/media/File/LA_CARTA_DELLA_TERRA/LA%20CARTA%20DELLA%20TERRA.pdf

[6] www.un.org/millenniumgoals

[7] ec.europa.eu/publications/booklets/others/84/it.pdf

[8] http://www.lavoro.gov.it/NR/rdonlyres/64F6185A-4346-4B19-B006-B9BAA5AF0A87/0/LineeGuidaOCSE2000.pdf

[9] http://www.pcnitalia.it/documenti/promuovere-un-quadro-europeo-per-la-responsabilita-sociale-delle-imprese

[10] www.johannesburgsummit.org/

[11] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:51997IP0239:IT:HTML

[12] http://www.pcnitalia.it/documenti/promuovere-un-quadro-europeo-per-la-responsabilita-sociale-delle-imprese

[13] COM (2002) 347

 http://www.lavoro.gov.it/NR/rdonlyres/982996C8-7B19-412B-8E98-2A2082A358BC/0/comunicazioneRSCE2002.pdf

[14] circa.europa.eu/irc/empl/csr_eu_multi_stakeholder_forum/info/data/en/csr%20ems%20forum.htm

[15] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0136:FIN:IT:PDF

[16] P6_TA(2007)0062%20Risoluzione%20Parlamento%20Europeo%2013%20marzo%202007.pdf

[17] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0215:FIN:IT:PDF

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'CORPORATE SOCIAL

We speak often and more and more of the corporate social responsibility, but before I explain what the term meant and what constitutes the practice here is to discuss how both come to consider the ethical and social as something central to the management of a 'business. In fact, for a long time, it was considered that the primary responsibility for undertaking performance was only a legal and viable.
As it has come time to have a broader view of what is in the interest of the private? The following is
proposed a short list:

• The development model based on consumerism generates negative impacts in the environment: the number of disasters is increased considerably - as can be seen in several studies (see Global Climate and Catastrophe Report; impact forecasting 2009) - while the climate change and global warming are issues become part of the political agenda since the 'demands they may have on the economy.
• 's internationalization and globalization of markets, fosters the creation and development of multinational companies can take advantage of economies of scale and deregulation legislation.
• The incredible technological advances that allowed the lowering of the cost of communications and transport.
• The increasing loss of sovereignty of nation states in favor of supranational / multilateral agreements, such as the EU or the WTO [1] .
• The growing power of economic groups [2]
• changing patterns of production, while the positions for which management, control and managemnt continue in developed countries, production has been transferred to developing countries, where very often there are not the same social standards and / or environmental
• The privatization of certain sectors and services, if until recently were guaranteed by public bodies, is now converting the private sector (such as water and electricity, but also security and defense [3] ).
• The establishment of a civil society more attentive and demanding, both to governments and businesses
• The emergence of increasingly competitive markets has led companies to get attention for CSR, perceived as an interesting opportunity in terms of increasing strategic reputation, and thus brand equity.

[1] 's World Trade Organisation (from "World Trade Organization - WTO) has created an internal organization, January 1, 1995, in order to supervise numerous trade agreements between the Member States have,.

[2] Of the one hundred first world economies, fifty are in the hands of multinationals. For example, the value added generated by Walmart is higher than the GDP of many countries.

[3] The most recent example you can find nela involving companies such as Blackwater in war in Iraq. These companies are behaving as the armed forces without, however, subject to the conventions of international law norms

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WHO - WHAT-WHEN-HOW - WHY '. PRESENTATION

Blog was created to publish a thesis that has investigated the issues of social responsibility and lobbying, with the ' emphasis on the role and 'impact that each of us can create in the public life.

The citizen lobbyist wants to be an experiment to implement a model of transition in which the company, and the power companies can no longer be conceived as separate instances of national interest.