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CSR: VOLUNTARY OR MANDATORY?

There is considerable debate about the voluntary or compulsory nature of social responsibility. Thus face two opposing positions between them.

On the one hand there is a current which defends the voluntary nature of responsible management, position justified by the fact that "the social responsibility as to the purpose, guidelines and basic choices for organization and these can not be imposed by law or regulation through additional models for certified " [1] ; the other side is instead requires a minimum normativization or implementation of public policies homogeneous, whereas the CSR responds to a deficit in many aspects such as the regulator and the role of government is essential AUTHORITIES.

Below are some positions in this regard:

· the Green Paper - Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility Business , [2] COM (2001) 366 final: " The concept of corporate social responsibility essentially means that they decide voluntarily contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment "and then" The CSR is the voluntary integration, by enterprises, social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their dealings with the parties concerned. Being socially responsible means not only fulfilling legal expectations, but also going beyond compliance and investing 'more' human capital, environment and relations with stakeholders "

· ; the OECD Guidelines - "voluntary principles and standards for responsible business conduct in the performance of applicable laws" which are designed to "stimulate the positive contribution multinational enterprises can make to economic, environmental and Social and minimize the difficulties that can be determined by their different operations. "

· The UN Global Compact's ten principles suggests that companies voluntarily choose to subscribe on issues of human rights, labor rights, environmental protection and the fight against corruption.

· Strong attacks are reserved to the Global Compact since its being devoid of monitoring mechanisms and sanctions, is not asked the companies that freely participate to change the way they act. The New York Times in fact believes that "the Global Compact allows some corporations to wrap the largest and wealthiest in the UN blue flag without requiring them to do anything new. " [3]

· Sacconi [4] sees CSR as " an enlarged model of governance of the company, under which those who govern the company has responsibilities that extend from the observance of fiduciary duties in respect of the property to similar fiduciary duties in respect of all stakeholders in general, which is valid for every kind of business beyond its ownership structure and control "

· Christian Aid CSR defines "totally inadequate response a sometimes devastating impact that multinational corporations ; are able to have in a globalizing world - a response that is used to mask the fact that impact. [...] Is a purely voluntary initiative led by large firms, which aims to promote self-regulation as a substitute for regulation at national and international . [5] "

· Other NGOs define the voluntary nature of CSR is a serious limitation:" The CSR debate has gained momentum in recent years. The public criticism against the transnational corporations have grown in response to a growing number of new environmental damage and violation of fundamental principles and rights at work theme umani.La reactions of many corporations, governments and international organizations consisted of establishment of voluntary codes of conduct and joint ventures between industry and politics. [...] Moreover, industry influence and impact of transnational corporate activity go far beyond these political "soft." In the shadow of initiatives shared, dialogue between social partners and voluntary codes of conduct, a number of corporations continue to pursue their particular interests in roughly the areas of "hard" policy and are involved in many ways in wars and armed conflicts . [6]

The opinion of the writer is rather critical on the subject: the voluntary, as well as now conceived and structured, involves a variety of problems. It will, in future posts, to argue the desirability of a provision, reflecting on three points: the market, ethics and legality.

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[1] Perrini F., Tencati Others, Corporate Social Responsibility A new strategic approach to business management, Egea

[2] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/it/com/2001/com2001_0366it01.pdf

[3] The New York Times taken from the pages of 'Association Earth Rights International. www.earthrights.org / a

[4] L. Sacconi (eds.). "Getting critical to social responsibility and corporate governance", Bancaria Editrice, 2005.

[5] Christian Aid's "Behind the Mask: the Real Face of CSR", pp. 2.5, 2004. London

[6] J. Martens and J. Schurkes "Human securiy and Transnational Corporations.The entanglement of transnational corporations in Wars, human right violation and tax evation."

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THE EUROPEAN STATES AND POLICIES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF CSR

Britain was one of the main European countries to encourage 's investment socially responsible: as a result of a reform on the pension plans in 1999 - most famous as Disclosure Act - legislation has forced the British pension fund managers for you to tell us how were taken into account social and environmental criteria at the time to select those investments which form part of the portfolio.

More or less the same size was later adopted by Germany, France, Belgium and Australia.

The following is a brief personal summary showing proposed arrangements proposed by various European governments to support the dissemination of CSR.

COUNTRY	CSR policy
Italy [1]	Accession of the Italian government to "the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises and related NCPs Italy with the birth of art. 39 of Law 273/2002: the promotion and correct application of the OECD document "Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises" and is held at the Ministry of Economic Development, General Directorate for Productive Development and Competitiveness. Creating the Multi Stakeholder Forum Italian. Project CSR-SC: it provides a set of indicators with particular attention to SMEs and the idea of \u200b\u200ba solidarity fund. UNIONCAMERE Establishment of the protocol and the creation of the CSR branch network. Launch of the Directive for the preparation of the social budget for general government on behalf of The Department of Civil Service. Birth of the Ministry of Social Solidarity. Starting at the ministerial table in terms of CSR among public administrations Central and Stakeholders. Establishment of the Fund for the dissemination of culture and policies of social responsibility companies "in the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, with its funding of an annual conference on CSR. Establishment of an ad hoc group - the collection of agreements, codes and best practices relating to CSR - inside Standing Advisory Commission pearl health and safety (d.lgsl. 81/2008). Conducting a monitoring of regional experiences on. presence at the table HLG on CSR in Brussels and participation in ISO 26000.
Denmark	Creating the think tank "The Copenhaguen Centre [2] . Creating a database on Business Ethics on the initiative of Minister of Economy. Creating an index Social 's self-assessment of companies on CSR. In 2001 Parliament adopted a law imposing social obligations to those companies that provide services to public or who receive public funding. Approval of the Green Account [3] , which requires companies to release information on activities, on organizational structure and management system of environmental policies with regard to the supply chain .
Sweden	adoption of CSR policies in the state-owned enterprises. Creation, at the request of the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the hole "Swedish Partnership for Global Responsibility [4] . of Approval ' Accounting Act [5] establishing compulsory to facilitate information on the impact caused to the environment due to production processes.
Britain	creation of the post of Secretary of State for CSR. Application of tax incentives ( Community Investment Tax Relief ) for companies that invest in financial institutions Community Development (Community Development Finance Institutions CDFIs) [6] . Establishment of a code of ethics concerning arrangements for contracting and subcontracting for staff and providers in the Contracting Agency of the British National Health System, the National Health Service (NHS) and development of a program for sustainability that includes its policy of buying social and environmental considerations, as well as identifying the social impacts of its activities, goods and produce and requires [7] . Requirement of communication, following the reform of pension known as the Disclosure Act, CSR criteria applied to the management of funds.
Spain	Creation of the Parliamentary Subcommittee on CSR [8] and the Forum of Experts CSR [ 9] . Establishment of social bargaining table. Entry into force of the law on public contracts [10] .
Netherlands	Presentation of the "Savings Plan investment in Verdi [11] . Application of CSR policies to the state, understood as an actor in the market. Creating a center for dissemination and information on CSR. attraction of private companies for the solution of environmental problems. Approval of the Environmental Reporting decree [12] in which businesses are obliged to inform the activities and processes of plants, environmental impact, including a detailed account of quantitative information, as well as the presentation of future strategies for the management of the environment.
France	Introduction to Law Fabius. Adoption of Ordinance No. 2002-221 "Nouvelles économiques Regulations" [13] , requiring listed companies to submit yearly information of social, environmental and employment. Obligation to inform the criteria for CSR in pension funds.
Norway	Establishment of the Petroleum Fund, managed by the Central Bank, called the Government Pension Fund [14] .

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[ 1]  wai.mi.camcom.it/upload/file/1562/781230/FILENAME/ministero_italiano_Lavoro.pdf

[2]  www.copenhagenconsensus.com/CCC%20Home%20Page.aspx

[3]  www.byelverton.net/sustainable_business/GreenAccounts.pdf

[4]  www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/73957_Elma_Gacanovic__MFA__Swedish_Partnership_for_Global_Responsibility.pdf

[5]  eng.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/512614372471.pdf

[6]   www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/consultations_and_legislation/community_investment_tax_relief/consult_

community_investment_index.cfm; www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/citmanual/

[7]   www.pasa.nhs.uk

[8]   http://www.observatoriorsc.org/images/documentos/politicas_publicas/espana/administracion/lib

ro_blanco_subcomision.pdf

[9]   http://www.observatoriorsc.org/images/documentos/politicas_publicas/espana/administracion/F

oroExpertos_RSE_informe.pdf

[10]   http://www.fundacionctic.org/web/export/sites/default/es/documentos/A44336-44436.pdf

[11]   www.vbdo.nl.

[12]  www.enviroreporting.com/others/cer_europe.pdf

[13]  admi.net/jo/20020221/JUSC0220073D.html

[14] norvegia.cc / the-end-of-oil-norvegia.html

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WHEN THE INTERESTS OF PRIVATE BECOMES PUBLIC INTEREST

Currently you have not got to have a consensus on what kind of role the State and the PA should take in developing the CSR. The positions in this regard are conflicting: while some say that CSR is a voluntary practice of business and the public is opposed to interference in the private sector, on the other hand there are those who believes that an intervention public regulation and creation of standards Minini ^[1] CSR practices so that they become credible and not continue to be developed, implemented and evaluated unilaterally by businesses.

Overcoming the controversy about it, surely the country can play an important role in promoting the development of CSR policies through training, awareness raising, grants and tax incentives. Furthermore, when designing its public policies and legislation should take into account the criteria of sustainability, thus adopting a position that is positive and proactive in developing an environment in which undertakings agree to be responsible and sustainable. What has been said is even more applicable when you consider that the sphere of state influence is not limited to the realm of public res , but rather find strength in being economic agents who also invest, project, contract , finance, and consumer.

An example is the sustainable public procurement, for which the state gives in when a labor contract requires that the successful firm is qualified social, ethical and environmental claims the CSR. It is estimated that the buying public to contribute 16% of EU GDP ^[2] , which means that push these purchases to a context of social responsibility entails a number of significant and tangible benefits for the environment, employment and development cooperation, thus contributing directly to sustainable development.

MEP Richard Howitt, in his report on corporate social responsibility, inter alia, approved in March 2007 by a large majority ^[3] , said the member countries of 'Union should support the development of CSR through the' application of social and environmental clauses in contracts for purchases, disqualifying firms with a history of corruption and recommending the use of European Directives on public procurement to promote social and environmental criteria with potential suppliers of the PA.

Similarly, the state must consider and use as a criterion of choice when delivering aid and public funding, the presence of CSR management systems, occurring later in the actual implementation of these criteria, must also s EVELOPING a tax policy that rewards companies responsible and / or sanction those that do not although they are declaring.

Finally, the state can play a key role in the development of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) through a series of interventions such as management of public resources, covering investments in markets and sectors as well as economically viable, it also sustainable, or through the promotion of legislation to force the managers of investment funds and pension funds to indicate if they incorporate social and environmental criteria for the selection of investment analysis , or by pressing first socially responsible investors through tax policies favorable to Who participates in these funds.

[1] In this regard, please refer to the statement of the European Parliament on the need to create the rules and limitations of the voluntariness: COM (2002) 347 final - CSR:

[2] Source RSC Observatorio de Madrid

[3] 2006 / 2133 (INI)

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socially responsible investing - socially responsible investing (SRI)

The attraction of long-term investment is a necessary condition to allow an organization to develop strategies development and sustainability, difference instead of speculative financial movements, which is to move continuously and tirelessly funds, for example, institutional investors, pension funds or banks, on the one title to another, chasing the profitability of the bags and oscillinte his titles, so to ensure the maximization of shareholders value of investments. This has laid the groundwork for the establishment of an economic-financial system of the short term, ie that orientation of the company management to make decisions with a time horizon of several months, which was, inter alia, a of the reasons why the advent of the irresponsible ^[1] .

is in this context, recently, that sees the 'emergence of SRI-Socially Responsible Investment - as an alternative to unbridled capitalism and the short term, offering that is the combination of non-economic criteria with flights to the purchase of financial securities and channeling funds to productive projects.

However, ISR is not a new practice: towards the end of the year '60 and the beginning of '70, during the war in Vietman and the arms race, groups of social activists in the United States understood that a solution effective in bringing the company to account on issues of social and environmental would go directly through the investment in it.

In the '80s, the social investment in the United States and the United Kingdom saw significant progress, also helped by the protests against apartheid in South Africa, but it was in the '90s, the CSR began to spread rapidly, and currently there are many socially responsible initiatives which offer an alternative investment to a growing segment of society sensitive these issues.

According to the neoliberal view of Milton Friedman, the company has only one responsibility: to use productive resources to maximize the economic benefit and thus fulfill the expectations of shareholders. What happens, however, when the same shareholders to take up the maximization of social and environmental benefit?

In general, an investment fund manager will try to ethical or socially responsible investing in companies whose principles are consistent with those of CSR, to influence policy and CSR strategies of companies that finances to develop sectors with a positive social and environmental impact (such as renewable energy sources and trade fair), to permit the financing of micro-enterprises with difficulties in accessing credit but with high social benefit.

Other examples of alternative economy and ethical finance banks are represented by the ethical and Fair Trade ^[2] .

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[1] Luciano Gallino "The firm irresponsible", Einaudi.

[2] For a discussion on the subject: www.bancaetica.com, www.altromercato.it, www.commercioequo.org / cees.htm

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New Video: ITALY (Chapter 3)



Here is the third installment of "Italy". This chapter shows more ridiculous rhetoric and moral injustice politicians. The protagonist, the backbone of the structure of the video, a child who is a representative mix of expressions. A child angry, disgusted, confused, sad, smiling (to be sarcastic), because it represents the future and, as for the video, is the backbone of the future along with his generation and so on.
The third chapter of "Italy" has a different character but similar to the first and second, as the sound. A
"Italy" is a story that repeats itself. A web of bullshit and conflicts of interest. A phenomenon of discontent that sometimes seems to end, but then again despite the struggles ...

N she transmission "Come away with me" recently passed, there has been a guest master Claude Abbado. The latter cited a list it is important to the culture by highlighting the value of it as a foundation (or column portatnte) of the company. I make this reference because ITALY includes, of course, too. In the last video as I wrote above-de-the protagonist is a child. This child represents the future and, therefore, a culture that is renewed and that goes further: here's the reference to the transmission.
But to make that happen, it is not only to teenagers or children who are, be interessti but, rather, it is necessary that the so-called 'large' (adults hopefully) create and should increase the interest. For this reason the policy can not afford to cut so as to enhance the culture now started a decline, much less make reforms that increase the military interest in children under the pretext dell'educzione physics as a school subject and civic education. I will not go over or skid mistakenly unbalanced.

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Differences Between A Cold And Mono

Aquarium


Years ago, many now, was interested in a cod un'alborella. And she to him. Li presented an evening
mutual friends and soon found themselves close.
The attraction was - and is - a lot. Sometimes he spends evenings whole to remember the good times. Sometimes she does. It happens, yes, they do so together, but rarely.

speak of memories for everyone currently living in its waters. The differences between them are not few: the one is a big fish, the other little one and he prefers the cold of the far north, not her, he asks for salt water, you are sweet.

So nature made them. But no one is shielded to warn them. In short, the differences in taste and certain trends were apparent, it was clear it was for a different kind. At least it was not clear to them that the natural tendencies of the other interpreted as errors, or imperfections - even - Wickedness.

therefore seeks to change. Him to her and she him.
Yet the heart beat faster, sometimes even in unison.
finally moved to an aquarium of their own.
And each of them tried to change the aquarium ...

More than anything else to suit your needs. For him it was always too hot, too cold for her - for him, too sweet, too salty for her. However, I agree that the other wrong, that did not include the right degrees Celsius and salinity responsive to real life. Became very angry.

But the heart keeps beating faster ... So after each fight to return to searching. This
until many discussions made it unhealthy to both the salinity of the water that had to go back in their own habitat.

Finally the right temperature. A relief for the poor fish tired, a pleasure to dabble freely in open water.
At least until it turned to look at the aquarium. Why the prison still has much power of attraction? What melts in their little hearts?

If asked him for months. They had never seen again, it was too bad. As long as it was perhaps not be seen to hurt the most. Come together once. Then another, another and another. Much water had since passed under the bridge. Other flavors they had changed But digging a bit ', they found those known. Those that made his heart beat, such as those that were likely to hurt him.

Now what?
Cod and bleak, we know, there are relatives of foxes and martens - and the situation is not simple. The
learn that, by nature, not by malice, the differences arise, it can teach respect that too often been lacking. But how to deal with salinity and temperature? In
sweet is the evil one, the other in salt, one suffers in the heat, cold the next. In warm and slightly salty suffer both!

Perhaps there is a way to make an aquarium - or even just a bar, a hotel, a place where any meet ... - Both hot and cold, sweet and salty?
The "common sense", with the cowardice always is proper, say no.
In fairy tales, however, even the fish are not cowards. Perhaps cautious, careful or far-sighted, but not cowards.

therefore sought to understand what attracts them and why.
And if, by science or by magic, an aquarium can never be simultaneously hot and cold, sweet and salty.

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Devil


The Devil is, from the greek, the one that divides. The motto comes to us through the Latin Diabolus , from the greek Diabolos , often translated as slanderer. Not that this translation is wrong, however, focusing on one aspect of meaning or obscure the main one. More useful result in turn from Diabolos Diaballein - divide - to be reunited with the meaning of the One who divides .

"He" is not a metaphysical entity but rather a function of the mind. But also a function of the mind is - Jung would say in modern times, as Homer in classical times - a manifestation of a god. The apparent contrast is an illusion "diabolical" (...), more correct to say that it is simultaneously a function and an entity (and given the universal acceptance that, for example, the photon is both wave and particle challenge you to define my unscientific assertion ...).

Here, again due to the evil tendency to split, man is led to choose one of two ways. Preferably the second entity has finally talking about it for someone to blame, getting a nice effect deresponsabilizzante. Although this effect would be unfair, I avoid the digression here that arguments that illusion to resume the train of thought, focusing, for compensation, according to the appearance.

The function that divide is the most useful analytic function, we call Reason. Rule of reason is in fact the principle of identity and non-contradiction, that "this is this and nothing else." The principle that the ruler is the disjunction (in greek dialogue ballein ) which prohibits a thing is "this and other", as it provides the symbolic language (in greek syn-ballein ), of which they feed the stories mythical, magical, poetic and religious *.

The analytical capacity is an indispensable part of the process of understanding the world. However, it is "tempting". Man showing his power led him to apply it consistently. It happens in this case that instead of being the man to dominate and exploit the useful function / entity it is discriminatory to dominate the man. The reality of this miserable fallen into temptation becomes a hell. But this does not for moral but a simple consequence from applying constant divisions. A reality of divisions produces fear, resentment, anger, envy ... Or those circles of hell that you do not need to look for in a few extra-psychic reality, essendovene already in surplus in everyday to see everything as good or bad, White or Black

free from slavery to the Spirit of the division offers the Paradise.
But the Devil, you know, not be stupid ... So if you found it tends to hide his deception perpetuated. And has easy game because the same wonder if the Devil is good or bad is no question "Evil" ... It 's the same principle by which divider is simply impossible to get rid of the principle of division. Would otherwise be like trying to quit smoking lighting a cigarette.

Another deception falls on the concept of "free". Function of division paints "free" as a defeat, eliminate, kill him. Still no call to kick the habit of smoking who devotes his life to ignite the tobacco ... Especially as we have said that the analytic function is very useful. Freedom would be not to defeat the purpose of reason, but take control, just the freedom to make it useful servant when and silent when the disorder.

I wrote, few lines on which the analytical capacity is an indispensable part of the learning process. Part
complementary diaballein is synballein , symbolic language, evocative, or rather the synthesis, the Union. Union with the One, with all that is. But also make peace after a fight, empathy, understanding. This part sounds so good that many people, applying the principle of the division perfectly diabolical (!!), tended to regard it as the only ...

Understand that a party is not the most beautiful, good or just another one and that would eliminate not only unnecessary but absolutely detrimental, it is difficult precisely because of the deception function of the devil. This function reaches high levels in those frantic "do-gooders", idealistic, or religious fanatics who aim to fight the evil make absolute reality, producing exactly the inferno that claimed to fight. Popular tradition has long been known but that "the road to hell is paved with the best intentions."

parts constitute the whole. Unbalance unbalances the whole. The two functions are necessary and useful to the knowledge when you cancel each other. When it is established between the rate of closure (concentration) and opening (meditation), of concentration and expansion, the trend from the particular to global and vice versa. A rhythm such as the breath inhale and exhale, concentrate and meditate. Because knowing is breathing life. There can be no inspiration breath, either by deleting or removing exhalation. As there can be no good if you do not breath in the presence of a deep inspiration and a deep breath.


* excerpt from an article by Galimberti