There is considerable debate about the voluntary or compulsory nature of social responsibility. Thus face two opposing positions between them.
On the one hand there is a current which defends the voluntary nature of responsible management, position justified by the fact that "the social responsibility as to the purpose, guidelines and basic choices for organization and these can not be imposed by law or regulation through additional models for certified " [1] ; the other side is instead requires a minimum normativization or implementation of public policies homogeneous, whereas the CSR responds to a deficit in many aspects such as the regulator and the role of government is essential AUTHORITIES.
Below are some positions in this regard:
· the Green Paper - Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility Business , [2] COM (2001) 366 final: " The concept of corporate social responsibility essentially means that they decide voluntarily contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment "and then" The CSR is the voluntary integration, by enterprises, social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their dealings with the parties concerned. Being socially responsible means not only fulfilling legal expectations, but also going beyond compliance and investing 'more' human capital, environment and relations with stakeholders "
· ; the OECD Guidelines - "voluntary principles and standards for responsible business conduct in the performance of applicable laws" which are designed to "stimulate the positive contribution multinational enterprises can make to economic, environmental and Social and minimize the difficulties that can be determined by their different operations. "
· The UN Global Compact's ten principles suggests that companies voluntarily choose to subscribe on issues of human rights, labor rights, environmental protection and the fight against corruption.
· Strong attacks are reserved to the Global Compact since its being devoid of monitoring mechanisms and sanctions, is not asked the companies that freely participate to change the way they act. The New York Times in fact believes that "the Global Compact allows some corporations to wrap the largest and wealthiest in the UN blue flag without requiring them to do anything new. " [3]
· Sacconi [4] sees CSR as " an enlarged model of governance of the company, under which those who govern the company has responsibilities that extend from the observance of fiduciary duties in respect of the property to similar fiduciary duties in respect of all stakeholders in general, which is valid for every kind of business beyond its ownership structure and control "
· Christian Aid CSR defines "totally inadequate response a sometimes devastating impact that multinational corporations ; are able to have in a globalizing world - a response that is used to mask the fact that impact. [...] Is a purely voluntary initiative led by large firms, which aims to promote self-regulation as a substitute for regulation at national and international . [5] "
· Other NGOs define the voluntary nature of CSR is a serious limitation:" The CSR debate has gained momentum in recent years. The public criticism against the transnational corporations have grown in response to a growing number of new environmental damage and violation of fundamental principles and rights at work theme umani.La reactions of many corporations, governments and international organizations consisted of establishment of voluntary codes of conduct and joint ventures between industry and politics. [...] Moreover, industry influence and impact of transnational corporate activity go far beyond these political "soft." In the shadow of initiatives shared, dialogue between social partners and voluntary codes of conduct, a number of corporations continue to pursue their particular interests in roughly the areas of "hard" policy and are involved in many ways in wars and armed conflicts . [6]
The opinion of the writer is rather critical on the subject: the voluntary, as well as now conceived and structured, involves a variety of problems. It will, in future posts, to argue the desirability of a provision, reflecting on three points: the market, ethics and legality.
[1] Perrini F., Tencati Others, Corporate Social Responsibility A new strategic approach to business management, Egea
[2] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/it/com/2001/com2001_0366it01.pdf
[3] The New York Times taken from the pages of 'Association Earth Rights International. www.earthrights.org / a
[4] L. Sacconi (eds.). "Getting critical to social responsibility and corporate governance", Bancaria Editrice, 2005.
[5] Christian Aid's "Behind the Mask: the Real Face of CSR", pp. 2.5, 2004. London
[6] J. Martens and J. Schurkes "Human securiy and Transnational Corporations.The entanglement of transnational corporations in Wars, human right violation and tax evation."
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